Osteochondrosis of the spine is a chronic disease in which changes degeneration in the vertebrae and the disc between them occurs.Depending on the lesions of the spine, they distinguish: Osteochondrosis of the cervix area, osteoarthritis of the chest area and osteoarthritis of the lumbar area.To diagnose the osteoarthritis of the spine, it is necessary to conduct an X -ray and in the case of its complication (for example, the hernia of the Intervertebral disc) - the MRI of the spine.In the treatment of osteoarthritis of the spine, along with the drug methods, it is widely used, reflexology, massage, manual therapy, physical therapy and physiotherapy exercises.
Causes and pathology
At one degree or another, the osteoarthritis of the spine develops at all people of the age and is one of the aging processes of the body.However, earlier, the atrophy changes occur in the interatorebral plate, trauma, disease and spinal overload that contributes to the early appearance of osteoarthritis.The most common osteoarthritis of the cervix and joints of the lumbar spine.
About 10 theories of osteoarthritis have been developed: blood vessels, hormones, mechanics, genetics, infections and other infections.But none of them gave a full explanation of the changes that took place in the spine, instead they complement each other.
It is believed that the main point in the appearance of osteoarthritis is the constant overload of the vertebra engine consisting of two adjacent vertebrae.Such overload can occur as the result of a motor model - posture, a way of sitting and walking individuals.The disorder of posters, sitting in the wrong posture, walking with uneven spine causes additional load on the disk, ligament and spine muscles.This process may be worse due to the characteristics of the structure of the spine and the shortage of the spoils of the tissues due to genetic factors.Typically, bad habits in the structure are found in the cervix and leads to vascular disorders and the early appearance of signs of osteoarthritis of the cervical spine.
The appearance of osteoarthritis of the lumbar region is often associated with its overload during the process of tendency and elevator of the severity.A healthy Intervertebral plate can withstand significant loads due to the water preference of the Pulpoose nucleus located in its center.The nucleus contains a large amount of water and liquid, as you know, less compressed.The decomposition of a healthy disc can occur with more than 500 kg compression, while the disc changes as a result of the osteoarthritis with a compression of 200 kg.The 200 kg load is undergoing a lumbar condition of a 70 kg spine, when it holds a 15 kg goods at the inclined position of the body before 200. Such a great pressure is due to the low size of the marrow nucleus.With an increase in tilt up to 700, the load on the Intervertebral plates will be 489 kg.Therefore, usually the first clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine occur during or after lifting weights, performing housework, weeding in the garden, etc.
The destruction of the connective tissue of the bracelet of the disk, ligaments and capsules of the face causes the reaction of the immune system and the development of aseptic inflammation with swelling of their facial joints and surrounding tissues.Due to the movement of the vertebrae, the capsules of the joints are prolonged and the disc changes are not firmly fixed by the bodies of the neighboring vertebrae.The instability of the spine segment is formed.Due to unstable, the violation of the spinal nerve with the development of piercing syndrome is possible.With osteoarthritis of the cervical spine, this often occurs while turning the head, with osteoarthritis of the lumbar region - during the tilting time of the body.Can form a function block of the vertebra engine.This is due to the reduction of vertebrae.
The herniation of the disc is formed when the disk returns again, broken the ligament vertically and the protruding of the disc in the spine tube occurs.If at the same time, the nucleus of the plate is forced in the brain canal, then such a hernia is called booming.The severity and pain of such a hernia is much larger than not yet exploded.The hernia of the disk can cause psychoicidal syndrome or spinal cord compression.
With osteoarthritis, the growth of bone tissue occurs with the formation of bone cells - bone growth on the body and the process of the vertebra.Osteophytes can also cause the compression of the spinal cord or cause the development of psychic syndrome.
Symptoms of spinal osteoarthritis
The main symptom of osteoarthritis of the spine is pain.The pain may be acute with high intensity, it enhances the smallest movement in the affected segment and thus causes the patient to have a mandatory position.Therefore, with osteoarthritis of the cervical spine, the patient holds the head in the least painful position and cannot turn it, with osteoarthritis of the chest area, the pain increases even when breathing deep and walking.Such pain syndrome is characteristic of compressing spinal spine.
In about 80% of cases, there is a dull pain that is constant and moderate intensity.In such cases, when checking, the doctor must distinguish the manifestations of osteoarthritis of the spine from the muscle inflammation of the back muscle.Stupid pain in osteoarthritis is caused by excessive muscle tension, keeping the vertebra engine affected, changing inflammation or significantly lasting of the disc.In patients with such pain, a mandatory position is not available, but limiting movement and physical activity is revealed.Patients with osteoarthritis of the cervical spine avoid steps and tilt their head with head, with osteoarthritis in the lumbar area - slowly sitting down and standing up, avoiding the body.
Complications of osteoarthritis
Complications of osteoarthritis are related to the hernia of the Intervertebral disc.They include the compression of the spinal cord, characterized by the paralysis and weakness of certain muscle groups of the limbs (depending on the level of compression), leading to the appearance of paresis, muscle atrophy, change in veins, urination and defecation.Intervertebral hernia can cause the compression of spinal cord artery with the formation of ischemic areas (spinal infarction) with the death of nerve cells.This is manifested by the appearance of nerve deficit (weakening motion, sensitivity, spoilage disorders) corresponding to the degree and rate of ischemia.
Diagnosis of osteoarthritis
Diagnosis of spinal spine is performed by a neuroscientist or an animal doctor.In the initial stage, the X -ray of the spine is performed in two projections.If necessary, they can shoot a separate spine and shoot into additional projections.To diagnose the Intervertebral hernia, assess the status of the spinal cord and detect complications of osteoarthritis, magnetic and resonance implants (MRI of the spine) used.An important role played by MRI in distinguishing osteoarthritis and other diseases of the spine: spinal inflammation, osteoarthritis, tumor, spine, rheumatism, infectious damage.Sometimes in cases of complex osteoporosis of cervical spine, the elimination of syringomyelia is necessary.In some cases, if MRI is impossible, the marrow is displayed.
An affected disc target study is that it can be used for singing.Physiological electrical studies are used to determine the level and localization of damage to nerve paths, to monitor their recovery process during therapy.
Treatment of osteoarthritis of the spine
During the acute period, peace is shown in the segment of the vertebrae.Finally, with osteoarthritis of the cervical spine, fixed is used by chantz collar, with osteoarthritis of the lumbar area - the rest of the bed.The fixation is also necessary for the osteoarthritis of the cervical area with the unstable vertebrae.
In treatment of osteoarthritis, anti -inflammatory drugs are used (NSAID) used: Diclofenac, Nimesulide, Lornoxicam, Meloxicam.With severe pain syndrome, painkillers are displayed, for example, an pain relievers of FluPortin.To reduce muscle voltage, muscle relaxants are used - Tolperisone, Thizanidine.In some cases, prescriptions should be prescribed anti -convulsions - carbamazepine, gabapentin;Antidepressant drugs, which prioritize serotonin reversing inhibitors (cerseralin, paroxetine).
In the event of piercing syndrome, inpatient treatment is indicated.Local introduction can be introduced by glucocorticoids, anti -edema treatment, using traction.In the treatment of osteoarthritis, physical therapy, acupressure, massage, physiotherapy exercises are widely used.The use of manual therapy requires clear compliance with the technique of implementation and prudent especially in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the cervical spine.
The activities of the spine are indicated mainly with significant compression of the spinal cord.It includes a herniated disc and extracting the spine tube.Micro -removal surgery, laser regeneration of the plate, replacing the disk is affected by transplantation, stability of the spine.